The Linux Kernel is probably one of the most important parts of the open source community today. It’s a fairly young kernel considering for how long we’ve had operating systems, but it has been evolving quickly and since the first v0.11 launch the number of source code lines have increased exponentially as the project has grown from a single man’s project to keeping thousands of engineers busy. IBM has now published an introductionary article, mainly for its own developers, but it’s free and offers a lot of interesting information on the Linux Kernel.
The article is not extremely difficult to understand as the language is quite laid back and easy to follow, but it requires that you have a certain knowledge of Linux or how an operating systems works per se. Unfortunately, like most interesting pieces you bump into, it’s too short, but then again it’s just an introduction.